Martin Luther as Augustinian monk

Titles

Martin Luther as Augustinian monk	[KKL 2022]
Posthumous Portrait of Martin Luthers as an Augustine Monk	[Hess/Mack 2010, 280]

Painting on parchment, on a plywood board made of beech wood

See German text version

Attributions: Workshop Lucas Cranach the Elder or Circle
Workshop Lucas Cranach the Elder

Attributions

Workshop Lucas Cranach the Elder or Circle	[KKL 2022]
Workshop Lucas Cranach the Elder	[Löcher 1997, p. 135–136; Hess / Mack 2010, p. 280]
Lucas Cranach the Elder	[Ausst.-Kat. Nürnberg 1983, Nr. 368]

Production dates: about 1522 - about 1525
about 1522/1524

Production dates

about 1522 - about 1525	[KKL 2022]
about 1515	[Hofbauer 2021, p. 252]
about 1522/1524	[Exhib. Cat. Nuremberg 1983, No. 368]
about 1523/1524	[Löcher 1997, S. 135]
after 1546	[Hess/Mack 2010, 280]

Dimensions: Dimensions of support: 43.4 x 29.5 cm

Dimensions

Dimensions of support: 43.4 x 29.5 cm
[KKL 2022]

Signature / Dating: None

Inscriptions and Labels: On the reverse of the panel and the frame there are remains of two red wax seals from the …

Inscriptions and Labels

Stamps, Seals, Labels:

On the reverse of the panel and the frame there are remains of two red wax seals from the Merkelschen Familienstiftung
[KKL 2020]

Owner: Paul Wolfgang Merkelsche Familienstiftung
Repository: Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg
Location: Nuremberg

CDA ID: DE_GNMN_Gm1570
FR (1978) Nr.: FR-none
KKL-No: I.6M1, Part of portait group I
Persistent Link: https://lucascranach.org/en/DE_GNMN_Gm1570/

Provenance

Loan from the Paul Wolfgang Merkelschen Familienstiftung

since 1960 in the GNM
[Löcher 1997, p. 135]

Exhibitions

Schloss Cappenberg 1951, No. 359
Nuremberg 1959, No. 4
Nuremberg 1983, No. 363
Nuremberg 2017, No. 100

Literature

Reference on page

Catalogue Number

Figure / Plate

Schuchardt 2015 B

35-37

Fig. 12

Author	Günter Schuchardt
Title	Privileg und Monopol - Die Lutherporträts der Cranach-Werkstatt
Publication	in Günther Schuchardt, ed., Cranach, Luther und die Bildnisse, Exhib. Cat. Eisenach 2015
Place of Publication	Regensburg
Year of Publication	2015
Pages	24-52

Show Literature

Cat.Hess, Hirschfelder, Bär 2010

53, 108-109, 428

Fig. 77

Author	Frank Bär
Editor	Daniel Hess, Dagmar Hirschfelder, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg
Title	Renaissance. Barock. Aufklärung. Kunst und Kultur vom 16. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert
Series	Die Schausammlungen des Germanischen Nationalmuseums
Volume	3
Place of Publication	Nuremberg
Year of Publication	2010

Show Literature

Exhib. Cat. Nuremberg 2004

46-47

Author	Barbara Dienst
Editing	Manfred Knedlik
Title	Faszination Meisterwerk. Dürer, Rembrandt ,Riemenschneider
Place of Publication	Nuremberg
Year of Publication	2004

Show Literature

Schuchardt 2004

Author	Günter Schuchardt
Title	Luther seitenrichtig - Luther seitenverkehrt? Die Bildnisse im Leben und im Tod - Werkstattprinzip und Werkstattprivileg Cranachs und seiner Mitarbeiter
Volume	2003
Journal	Wartburg-Jahrbuch
Place of Publication	Regensburg
Year of Publication	2004
Pages	9-30

Show Literature

Gülpen 2002

160-161

Fig. 22

Editor	Ilonka van Gülpen
Title	Der deutsche Humanismus und die frühe Reformations-Propaganda 1520-1526. Das Lutherporträt im Dienst der Bildpublizistik
Series	Studien zur deutschen Kunstgeschichte
Volume	144
Place of Publication	Hildesheim, Zurich, New York
Year of Publication	2002

Show Literature

Cat. Nuremberg 1997

135-136

Author	Kurt Löcher
Title	Die Gemälde des 16. Jahrhunderts. Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg
Place of Publication	Ostfildern-Ruit
Year of Publication	1997

Show Literature

Exhib. Cat. Nuremberg 1983

No. 363

Editor	Gerhard Bott
Title	Martin Luther und die Reformation in Deutschland. Ausstellung zum 500. Geburtstag Martin Luthers
Place of Publication	Frankfurt a. M.
Year of Publication	1983

Show Literature

Exhib. Cat. Nuremberg 1959

No. 4

Author	Herwarth Röttgen
Editor	Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg
Title	Aus der Frühzeit der evangelischen Kirche
Place of Publication	Munich
Year of Publication	1959

Show Literature

Exhib. Cat. Cappenberg 1951

No. 359

Author	n. a.
Title	Deutsche Kultur. Das Germanische Nationalmuseum zeigt Deutsche Kultur von der Spätgotik bis zum Rokoko [Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte der Stadt Dortmund, Schloß Cappenberg]
Place of Publication	Dortmund
Year of Publication	1951

Show Literature

Martin Luther as Augustinian monk, about 1522 - about 1525

Images

Documents

DE_GNMN_Gm1570_FR-none_2019_Analysis-report-XRF.pdf

Technical studies

Date2018 - 2021

Support

See German version

09. 2010Technical examination / Scientific analysis

Infrared reflectography

Underdrawing

DESCRIPTION

Tools/Materials:

- dry medium (dark chalk) combined with fluid black medium (brush)

Type/Ductus

- delicate, fine, traced lines combined with thin black lines; reinforced freehand

Function:

- binding for the final painted version; lines delineate contours and generally describe the essential details of the face and hands; no representation of volume

Deviations:

- minor alterations made during the painting process to clearly define form

INTERPRETATION

Attribution:

- not possible

Comments:

- probably transferred (traced ?) from a pre-existing design or sketch

[Smith, Sandner, Heydenreich, cda 2012]

photographed by Gunnar Heydenreich
photographed by Ingo Sandner

1997Technical examination / Scientific analysis

Infrared reflectography
Stereomicroscopy

Support

- parchment

- the edges are frayed

- the original dimensions have been more or less retained

Ground and Imprimatura

- there is no ground

Underdrawing

- the contours and main lines within the forms are indicated

Paint Layers and Gilding

- the hairy side of the parchment was painted by mistake

- the sitter's hair was painted over a background, which was not yet dry, suggesting that the painting was rapidly executed

[Bartl, Cat. Nuremberg 1997, 135]

Condition Reports

Date2018 - 2021

See German version

examined by Wibke Ottweiler

Date1997

Support:

parchment glued to a plywood board (beech)

Painted surface

numerous microscopic paint losses above the pores of the hair roots
the reddish-brown boarder was overpainted at a later stage
numerous retouches from different periods. The retouches in the flesh paint have become very light where there was a lot of white added

[Bartl, Cat. Nuremberg 1997, 135]

Conservation History

Date1959

as yet no information

[Bartl, Cat. Nuremberg 1997, 135]

Date1956

parchment reglued to the plywood board
blisters in the paint layers were consolidated and losses were retouched

[Bartl, Cat. Nuremberg 1997, 135]

Versions

Citing from the Cranach Digital Archive

Entry with author: <author's name>, 'Martin Luther as Augustinian monk', <title of document, data entry or image>. [<Date of document or image>], in: Cranach Digital Archive, https://lucascranach.org/en/DE_GNMN_Gm1570/ (Accessed {{dateAccessed}})
Entry with no author: 'Martin Luther as Augustinian monk', <title of document, data entry or image>. [<Date of document, entry or image>], in: Cranach Digital Archive, https://lucascranach.org/en/DE_GNMN_Gm1570/ (Accessed {{dateAccessed}})

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