The Former Highaltar the Church of St Nicolas, Grimma: Nicolas is made bishop of Myra; The Miracle of the Man run over by a Wagon  [left inner wing, 1st transformation]

The Former Highaltar the Church of St Nicolas, Grimma: Nicolas is made bishop of Myra; The Miracle of the Man run over by a Wagon [left inner wing, 1st transformation]

Title

The Former Highaltar the Church of St Nicolas, Grimma: Nicolas is made bishop of Myra; The Miracle of the Man run over by a Wagon [left inner wing, 1st transformation]

[cda 2017]

Painting on wood

Medium

Painting on wood

[cda 2017]

The outer wing panels of the altar depict Christ's passion, while the inner wing panels (the 1st transformation) illustrate the Legend of St Nicolas. The shrine contains almost life-size wooden statues of various bishops, among them St Nicolas.

Like in Döbeln the church patron St Nicolas is the centre piece of

The outer wing panels of the altar depict Christ's passion, while the inner wing panels (the 1st transformation) illustrate the Legend of St Nicolas. The shrine contains almost life-size wooden statues of various bishops, among them St Nicolas.

Like in Döbeln the church patron St Nicolas is the centre piece of the open altar. Beside him rank Erasmus [...] and a bishop holding a book and a ciborium (?) (Donatus of Arezzo?). The wings of the shrine contain saints Barbara and Margaret on the left and on the right Christopher, the patient bearer of 'divine burden', and a saint whose attribute is now lost (Leonard?). The predella contains a relief representation of the Nativity with a painted scene of the Annunciation to the Shepherds in the background.

The St Nicolas series, which is the most complete version in Saxony, faithfully illustrates the stages of the saint's life. However some of the more popular miracles are missing.

This panel depicts:

- the second scene of the series: Nicolas is consecrated Bishop of Myra. When the bishops of the Province of Lycia were hasten to elections, the most influential among them heard a voice in a dream, stating that the first visitor to the church the following morning bearing the name Nicolas should be elected bishop. The benefactor Nicolas was the first to enter.

- from the lower register of the series: a man run over by a wagon with money pouring out of broken walking stick. This scene is less symbolic and eulogises instead the saint's miraculous powers. In the background Nicolas arrives accompanied by the Jew who had been cheated by the man now lying dead in the foreground. In court the debtor had sworn that an outstanding sum had been repaid and while he made this claim he gave the Jew the walking stick filled with money to hold. The unsuspecting Jew then returned the walking stick. As punishment the wrongdoer was run over, but was then saved by Nicolas. The Jew would only take back the money that had come to light if the Christian culprit was raised from the dead. According to the legend after this miracle the Jew converted to Christianity.

[Sandner 1993, 146-148]

Attribution
Master of the Döbeln Altarpiece

Attribution

Master of the Döbeln Altarpiece

with significant assistance
[Sandner 1993, 146]

Production date
about 1519

Production date

about 1519

[Lorenz 1856, 7, 100]

Dimensions
Dimensions of support (clear dimension): 254 x 84 cm

Dimensions

  • Dimensions of support (clear dimension): 254 x 84 cm

  • Dimensions including frame: 268 x 108.1 cm

  • [cda 2017]

Owner
Friedhofskapelle Heilig Kreuz, Stadt Grimma
Repository
Friedhofskapelle Heilig Kreuz, Stadt Grimma
Location
Grimma
CDA ID
DE_FKG_FKG001D
FR (1978) Nr.
FR-none
Persistent Link
https://lucascranach.org/en/DE_FKG_FKG001D/

Provenance

  • according to the Grimma chronicles the work was installed for the price pf 220 gilders in 1519 (the sum can only refer to a part payment) [Lorenz 1856, 7, 100]
  • after the Church of St Nicolas was demolished in 1888 the altar was moved to the Friedhofskirche (cemetery church) (considerably altered in 1910); evidently the decorated superstructure did not fit in the low space and is now lost.
    [Sandner 1993, 146]

Literature

Reference on page Catalogue Number Figure / Plate
Sandner 2021 79
AuthorIngo Sandner
TitleDie Werkstattpraxis Lucas Cranach des Älteren
Publicationin Dagmar Täube, ed., Lucas Cranach der Ältere und Hans Kemmer. Meistermaler zwischen Renaissance und Reformation [Lübeck, St. Annen-Museum]
Place of PublicationMunich
Year of Publication2021
Pages71-81
Sandner 1993 146-148, 345 Fig. p. 147
AuthorIngo Sandner
TitleSpätgotische Tafelmalerei in Sachsen
Place of PublicationDresden, Basel
Year of Publication1993

Research History / Discussion

According to [Hentschel 1951, 71-100] the sculptor was also responsible for the statues of Friedrich the Wise and Johann the Steadfast in the chapel in Wittenberg Castle. This would support the hypothesis that the whole work was created in Wittenberg in cooperation with the Cranach workshop. […]

The painted scenes from the Legend of St Nicolas are without doubt by the same Cranach pupil, who in about 1515/16 painted the Highaltar for the Church of St Nicolas, Döbeln. However the contribution from assistants is considerable. The scenes of the Passion are by a completely different hand, but the assistance can be recognized of artists who probably worked on the wing panels of the altars in Gleisberg and Boritz.[…]

A number of artists - at least three - were responsible for the execution of the panels. The authorship by the master who had already worked for Döbeln is not only recognisible in the recurring representation of the Legend of St Nicolas, but also stylistically. The head types, the treatment of the water and the clouds, the landscape and the colour of the draperies all indicate his hand. Typical characteristics of the underdrawing confirm this judgement. There is however no doubt that the compositional and dramatic concentration of the work in Grimma is less accomplished than that in Döbeln. […]

The images from the Passion recall those of Cranach’s workshop without necessarily stemming from there. Although the assistance of the artist from Freiberg cannot be distinguished, the stiff, almost linear forms of Christ’s arrest and flagellation recall the style of his apprentices assisting in Gleisberg and Boritz. Cranach’s influence appears mainly limited to the Crucifixion, and the Presentation of Christ. Kurt Degen [Degen 1953] has already pointed out the close relationship between the Crucifixion and Cranach’s version [DE_KSG_GM704].

[Sandner 1993, 146-148]

  • The Former Highaltar the Church of St Nicolas, Grimma: Nicolas is made bishop of Myra; The Miracle of the Man run over by a Wagon [left inner wing, 1st transformation], about 1519

Images

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  • overall
  • reverse
  • irr

Technical studies

09. 2016Technical examination / Scientific analysis

  • Infrared reflectography
  • irr

Underdrawing

DESCRIPTION

Tools/Material:

- fluid, black medium, brush; probably in two stages; the initial design was executed with a diluted mwdium and then subsequently reinforced with darker lines.

Type/Ductus:

- freehand underdrawing (probably after a pre-existing design)

- thinner to somewhat broader lines

Function:

- relatively binding for the final painted version; the lines delineate the main contours, describe essential details and facial features; occasional representation of volume with hatching-strokes

Deviations:

- minor corrections were made to forms during the painting process; numerous small changes for example the bushes in the background, the pebbles on the ground, the horse's collar

INTERPRETATION

Attribution:

- Master of the Döbeln Highaltar (Valentin Elner?)

[Sandner, Smith-Contini, Heydenreich, cda 2017]

  • photographed by Gunnar Heydenreich
  • photographed by Ingo Sandner

Citing from the Cranach Digital Archive

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