Justice

Justice

Title

Justice

[Museum of Ostrobothnia, revised 2017]

Painting on limewood

Medium

Painting on limewood

[Tuurnala et al. 1991, 63-72]
[Klein Report, 08.04.2013]

The painting shows the personification of Justice as a half-length figure against a dark background, holding her attributes the sword and the scales in her hands. She is naked with the exception of an embroidered bonnet and some jewellery - a neck band and a linked chain with a pendant

The painting shows the personification of Justice as a half-length figure against a dark background, holding her attributes the sword and the scales in her hands. She is naked with the exception of an embroidered bonnet and some jewellery - a neck band and a linked chain with a pendant wrapped twice around her neck.

Attributions
Follower of Lucas Cranach the Elder
Lucas Cranach the Elder

Attributions

Follower of Lucas Cranach the Elder

[Tuurnala et al. 1991, 63-72]

Lucas Cranach the Elder

[Friedländer, Rosenberg 1979, 125, No. 277C]

Production dates
1600-1899
about 1530-1540

Production dates

1600-1899

'17. - 19. century'
[Tuurnala et al. 1991, 63-72]

about 1530-1540

[Friedländer, Rosenberg 1979, 125, No. 277C]

Dimensions
Dimensions of support: 73 x 48.5 cm

Dimensions

  • Dimensions of support: 73 x 48.5 cm

  • [Museum of Ostrobothnia, revised 2017]

Signature / Dating

None

Owner
Karl Hedman Collection
Repository
Österbottens Museum, Vaasa
Location
Vaasa
CDA ID
FIN_OMV_KH1305
FR (1978) Nr.
FR277C
Persistent Link
https://lucascranach.org/en/FIN_OMV_KH1305/

Provenance

  • 23.04.1914 auction P. Delaroff, Paris, No. 4
    [Friedländer, Rosenberg 1979, 125, No. 277C]
    [Tuurnala et al. 1991, pp. 63-72]
  • 1917 acquired by Gösta Stenman from St. Petersburg
    [Tuurnala et al. 1991, pp. 63-72]
  • 1935 the Stenman collection ended up in the Karl Hedman collection
  • The Hedman collection became the property of the City of Vaasa in 1998
    [http://www.pohjanmaanmuseo.fi/?main=Collections&page=The+art+collections] (accessed 2017-02-07)

Exhibitions

Helsinki 1988 - 1989

Literature

Reference on page Catalogue Number Figure / Plate
Cat. Vaasa 2009
AuthorMarianne Koskimies-Envall
TitleThe Karl Hedman Art Collection and Select Choices from Other Collections in the Ostrobothnian Museum
Place of PublicationVaasa
Year of Publication2009
Show Literature
Klein 1994 A 198, 199 Tab. 7
AuthorPeter Klein
TitleLucas Cranach und seine Werkstatt. Holzarten und dendrochronologische Analyse
Publicationin Claus Grimm, Johannes Erichsen, Evamaria Brockhoff, eds.,Lucas Cranach. Ein Maler-Unternehmer aus Franken, Exhib. Cat. Kronach 1994
SeriesVeröffentlichungen zur bayerischen Geschichte und Kultur
Volume26
Place of PublicationAugsburg, Coburg
Year of Publication1994
Pages194-200
Show Literature
Tuurnala et al. 1991 63-72
AuthorT. Tuurnala, A. Hautojärvi, Sirka Nurminen
TitleA factory of beautiful pictures? A physical study of three paintings by Lucas Cranach the Elder
JournalRevue des archéologues et historiens d'art de Louvain
Issue24
Year of Publication1991
Pages63-72
Show Literature
Friedländer, Rosenberg 1979 125 No. 277C
AuthorMax J. Friedländer, Jakob Rosenberg
EditorG. Schwartz
TitleDie Gemälde von Lucas Cranach
Place of PublicationBasel, Boston, Stuttgart
Year of Publication1979
Show Literature
Auct. Cat. Paris 1914 12 004 Pl. 4
EditorGalerie Georges Petit, Paris
TitleCatalogue des tableaux anciens [...], composant la collection de son Excellence feu Paul Delaroff [Galerie Georges Petit, Paris]
Place of PublicationParis
Year of Publication1914
Link https://visualcollections.ub.uni-mainz.de/histbuch/content/titleinfo/456690
Show Literature

Research History / Discussion

To date only two depictions of Justice are known that were produced in the Cranach workshop. One is a half-length figure formerly in the Roseliushaus in Bremen and the other is a three-quarter-length figure that is dated 1537 and is in a private collection. This appears to be a copy produced after the latter.

[Herrschaft, cda 2017]

  • Justice, 1600-1899

Images

Compare images
  • overall
  • overall
  • reverse

Documents

Technical studies

08.04.2013Scientific analysis

  • Identification of wood species / Dendrochronology

Support

Identification of wood speciess: limewood

[Klein Report, 08.04.2013]

  • analysed by Peter Klein

1991Technical examination / Scientific analysis

  • Infrared reflectography

Underdrawing

- an underdrawing is not visible

[Tuurnala et al. 1991, 63-72]

1991Technical examination / Scientific analysis

  • X-radiography

On the basis of a comparison with the radiograph, no changes by the artist can be observed

[Tuurnala et al. 1991, 63-72]

  • Bearbeiter/in Jana Herrschaft

1991Naturwissenschaftliche Materialanalyse

  • Micro-sampling / cross-sections
  • Instrumental material analysis

Pigment analysis by PIXE/PIGME giving following results:

Filling material of the ground is chalk and lead white.

The yellow pigment is lead antimony yellow (Naples yellow), which was hardly available to Cranach.

[Tuurnala et al. 1991, 63-72]

  • Bearbeiter/in Jana Herrschaft

Date1991

  • Stereomicroscopy
  • Infrared reflectography
  • X-radiography

Support

3 wooden boards

Ground and Imprimatura

The painting has a lead white and chalk primer. Lead white was also found in the imprimatura layer.

The ground primer extends to the edge of the panel, but stops sharply in places. This is either due to the panel being cut smaller at a later stage, or to damage cause by the actual frame.

[Tuurnala et al. 1991, 63-72]

Underdrawing

IR analyses failed to reveal any sketches.

Paint Layers and Gilding

The brush technique used in this painting is very fine and no brushstrokes are visible. Most colours have been pre-mixed on a palette with coarser pigments. A multi-layer technique has been used to a certain extent. The paint layers though mainly thin still give full covering, albeit in certain areas they are also transparent. Impasto has been found on the jewellery and decoration areas. The paint layer in the skin area is very thin and transparent.

[TUURNALA et al. 1991, 63-72]

Condition Reports

Date1991

There is no craquelure visible. Only under the microscope can fine cracks be seen in the area of the hair.

[Tuurnala et al. 1991, 63-72]

Conservation History

Date1991

The painting has been restored only slightly. The nostrils, for example, have been enhanced with a red organic lake. Also a vineleaf has been added at some stage to the figure. There are still traces of this over-painting removed later. Instead no changes to the picture by the artist can be observed.

Maybe the panel has been cut smaller at a later stage.

[Tuurnala et al. 1991, 63-72]

Versions

Justice
  • Justice, 1537
  • PRIVATE_NONE-P457
  • Painting
  • Private Collection

Citing from the Cranach Digital Archive

Entry with author
<author's name>, 'Justice', <title of document, data entry or image>. [<Date of document or image>], in: Cranach Digital Archive, https://lucascranach.org/en/FIN_OMV_KH1305/ (Accessed {{dateAccessed}})
Entry with no author
'Justice', <title of document, data entry or image>. [<Date of document, entry or image>], in: Cranach Digital Archive, https://lucascranach.org/en/FIN_OMV_KH1305/ (Accessed {{dateAccessed}})

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