Apollo and Diana

Apollo and Diana

Title

Apollo and Diana

[CDA 2010]

Painting on beech wood (Fagus sylvatica)

Medium

Painting on beech wood (Fagus sylvatica)

[Gemäldegalerie, revised 2010]
[Klein, Report 1997]

Apollo stands naked in a wood clearing with a bow and arrow. Diana who is also naked, sits beside him on a stag. Her right leg is bent and she embraces the stag's head with her left arm. A landscape with water, an island and a city skyline extends beyond

Apollo stands naked in a wood clearing with a bow and arrow. Diana who is also naked, sits beside him on a stag. Her right leg is bent and she embraces the stag's head with her left arm. A landscape with water, an island and a city skyline extends beyond the trees, which frame the central scene.

[Gemäldegalerie Berlin, Unsinn 2010]

Attributions
Lucas Cranach the Elder
Hans Cranach

Attributions

Lucas Cranach the Elder

[Gemäldegalerie, revised 2010]

Hans Cranach

[Flechsig 1900 A, 273, 274]

Production date
1530

Production date

1530

[dated]

Dimensions
Dimensions of support: 51.6 x 36.4 cm

Dimensions

  • Dimensions of support: 51.6 x 36.4 cm

  • Dimensions including frame: 67.7 x 52 cm

  • [Gemäldegalerie, revised 2010]

Signature / Dating

Artist's insignia bottom left: winged serpent and dated '1530'; in black paint

Signature / Dating

  • Artist's insignia bottom left: winged serpent and dated '1530'; in black paint

Owner
Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Gemäldegalerie
Repository
Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Gemäldegalerie
Location
Berlin
CDA ID
DE_smbGG_564
FR (1978) Nr.
FR271
Persistent Link
https://lucascranach.org/en/DE_smbGG_564/

Provenance

  • acquired by Waagen before 1830 or 1826
    [Gemäldegalerie, revised 2010]

Exhibitions

Dresden 1899, No. 50
Berlin 1937, No. 75
Berlin 1973, 21, No. 10
Kronach 1994, No. 173c

Literature

Reference on page Catalogue Number Figure / Plate
Cat. Coburg 2018 36, 142 under no. 2
AuthorKlaus Weschenfelder
TitleCranach in Coburg. Gemälde von Lucas Cranach d.Ä., Lucas Cranach d.J., der Werkstatt und des Umkreises in den Kunstsammlungen der Veste Coburg
Place of PublicationRegensburg
Year of Publication2018
Wismer 2017 90
AuthorBeat Wismer
TitleCranach und die Moderne. Anmerkungen zur Cranach-Rezeption in der Kunst seit der frühen Moderne
Publicationin Gunnar Heydenreich, Daniel Görres, Beat Wismer, eds., Lucas Cranach der Ältere. Meister - Marke - Moderne. [Exhib. Cat. Düsseldorf 2017]
Place of PublicationMunich
Year of Publication2017
Pages82-91
Sandner, Heydenreich, Smith-Contini 2015 134, Fn. 37
AuthorGunnar Heydenreich, Ingo Sandner, Helen Smith-Contini
TitleVeränderungen beim Unterzeichnen in Cranachs Werkstatt und die Arbeitsweise von Sohn Lucas
Publicationin Elke A. Werner, Anne Eusterschulte, Gunnar Heydenreich, eds., Lucas Cranach der Jüngere und die Reformation der Bilder
Place of PublicationMunich
Year of Publication2015
Link https://lucascranach.org/application/files/5215/6337/7366/Heydenreich_Sandner_Smith-Contini_2015_-_Unterzeichnung.pdf
Pages128-141
Heydenreich 2007 A 400
AuthorGunnar Heydenreich
TitleLucas Cranach the Elder
Place of PublicationAmsterdam
Year of Publication2007
Link https://lucascranach.org/application/files/6116/2097/3099/Heydenreich_2007_Lucas_Cranach_the_Elder.pdf
Widmaier-Picasso 2005 65
AuthorDiana Widmaier-Picasso
TitlePicasso und Cranach der Ältere. Kunst als Lebenskraft
Publicationin Harald Marx, Ingrid Mössinger, Karin Kolb, ed., Cranach. Exhib. Cat. Chemnitz
Place of PublicationCologne
Year of Publication2005
Pages64-77
Großmann E. 1998
AuthorEllen Großmann
TitleDie mythologischen Darstellungen Lukas Cranach d. Ä. [Thesis]
Place of PublicationMunich
Year of Publication1998
Cat. Berlin 1996 34 Fig. 57
AuthorRainald Grosshans, Henning Bock
EditorStaatliche Museen zu Berlin, Gemäldegalerie
TitleGemäldegalerie Berlin. Gesamtverzeichnis
Place of PublicationBerlin
Year of Publication1996
Exhib. Cat. Kronach 1994 350 173c
EditorClaus Grimm, Johannes Erichsen, Evamaria Brockhoff
TitleLucas Cranach. Ein Maler-Unternehmer aus Franken [Festung Rosenberg, Kronach 17.05 - 21.08.1994; Museum der Bildenden Künste, Leipzig 07.09 - 06.11.1994]
SeriesVeröffentlichungen zur bayerischen Geschichte und Kultur
Volume26
Place of PublicationAugsburg, Coburg
Year of Publication1994
Hinz 1994 A 40
AuthorBerthold Hinz
TitleLucas Cranach d. Ä. und seine Bildermanufaktur. Eine Künstlersozialgeschichte
Place of PublicationMunich
Year of Publication1994
Schade, Schuttwolf 1994 30, 31
AuthorWerner Schade, Allmuth Schuttwolf
TitleMalerei und Plastik
Publicationin Allmuth Schuttwolf, ed., Gotteswort und Menschenbild. Werke von Cranach und seinen Zeitgenossen, Exhib. Cat. Gotha
Place of PublicationGotha
Year of Publication1994
Pages15-94
Friedländer, Rosenberg 1979 123 No. 271 Fig. 271
AuthorMax J. Friedländer, Jakob Rosenberg
EditorG. Schwartz
TitleDie Gemälde von Lucas Cranach
Place of PublicationBasel, Boston, Stuttgart
Year of Publication1979
Schade 1974 Plate 104
AuthorWerner Schade
TitleDie Malerfamilie Cranach
Place of PublicationDresden
Year of Publication1974
Link http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/schade1974
Exhib. Cat. Berlin 1973 21 No. 10
AuthorWilhelm H. Köhler, Frank Steigerwald
TitleLucas Cranach. Gemälde, Zeichnungen, Druckgraphik
Place of PublicationBerlin
Year of Publication1973
Ruhmer 1963 26 Plate 35
AuthorEberhard Ruhmer
TitleCranach
Place of PublicationCologne
Year of Publication1963
Rosenberg 1960 No. 48
AuthorJakob Rosenberg
TitleDie Zeichnungen Lucas Cranachs d.Ä.
Place of PublicationBerlin
Year of Publication1960
Lüdecke 1953 B 93 Fig. 102
AuthorHeinz Lüdecke
TitleLucas Cranach der Ältere. Der Künstler und seine Zeit
Place of PublicationBerlin
Year of Publication1953
Posse 1943 62 No. 87
AuthorHans Posse
TitleLucas Cranach d. Ä.
Place of PublicationVienna
IssueSecond edition
Year of Publication1943
Lilienfein 1942 Fig. 109
AuthorHeinrich Lilienfein
TitleLukas Cranach und seine Zeit
Place of PublicationBielefeld
Year of Publication1942
Posse 1942 62 No. 87
AuthorHans Posse
TitleLucas Cranach d. Ä.
Place of PublicationVienna
Year of Publication1942
Wolters 1938 125 Figs. 77, 78
AuthorChristian Wolters
TitleDie Bedeutung der Gemäldedurchleuchtung mit Röntgenstrahlen für die Kunstgeschichte. Dargestellt an Beispielen aus der niederländischen und deutschen Malerei des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts
SeriesVeröffentlichungen zur Kunstgeschichte
Volume3
Place of PublicationFrankfurt am Main
Year of Publication1938
Exhib. Cat. Berlin 1937 31 075 Pl. 67
EditorStaatliche Museen, Berlin
TitleLucas Cranach d. Ä. und Lucas Cranach d. J. Gemälde, Zeichnungen, Graphik
Place of PublicationBerlin
Year of Publication1937
Friedländer, Rosenberg 1932 222
AuthorMax J. Friedländer, Jakob Rosenberg
TitleDie Gemälde von Lucas Cranach
Place of PublicationBerlin
Year of Publication1932
Link http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/friedlaender1932
Flechsig 1900 A 273, 274
AuthorEduard Flechsig
TitleCranachstudien
Volume1
Place of PublicationLeipzig
Year of Publication1900
Link page/n5/mode/2up
Exhib. Cat. Dresden 1899 No. 50
EditorKarl Woermann
TitleDeutsche Kunstausstellung Dresden 1899. Abteilung Cranach-Ausstellung. Wissenschaftliches Verzeichnis der ausgestellten Werke
Place of PublicationDresden
Year of Publication1899
Link http://resolver.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/SBB00002A2400000000
Schuchardt 1851 C 18 21
AuthorChristian Schuchardt
TitleLucas Cranach des Aeltern Leben und Werke. Zweiter Theil
Place of PublicationLeipzig
Year of Publication1851
Link http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/schuchardt1851bd2
Cat. Berlin 1830 139 No. 45
AuthorGustav Friedrich Waagen
EditorKönigliches Museum, Berlin
TitleVerzeichniß der Gemälde-Sammlung des Königlichen Museums zu Berlin
Place of PublicationBerlin
Year of Publication1830
Bartsch 1808 68
AuthorAdam Bartsch
TitleLe peintre graveur. Les vieux maitres allemands
Volume7
Place of PublicationVienna
Year of Publication1808
Link http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-diglit-228876
ReferencesGND 997996056
  • Apollo and Diana, 1530

Images

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  • analysis

Technical studies

01. 2010Technical examination / Scientific analysis

  • Infrared reflectography
  • irr

Underdrawing

DESCRIPTION

Tools/Materials:

- dry drawing material, dark chalk or fine, pointed brush in combination with a broader brush and diluted medium?

Type/Ductus:

- freehand underdrawing?

- delicate, fine lines; possibly in combination with broader lines in the background

Function:

- binding for the final painted version; lines delineate contours; no representation of volume

Deviations:

- no alterations made during the painting process

INTERPRETATION

Attribution:

- workshop

Comments:

- possibly with reference to a preparatory drawing or may even have been transferred from a pre-existing design

[Smith, Sandner, Heydenreich, cda 2012]

  • photographed by Ingo Sandner
  • photographed by Gunnar Heydenreich

2010Technical examination / Scientific analysis

  • Dendrochronology

Support

- beech wood

- the panel consists of three horizontal planks. The sapwood is aligned with the pith and the join glued

According to the most recent examination carried out by Dr. Peter Klein all three planks originate from the same tree.

Planks used to construct the supports of the following paintings by Lucas Cranach the Elder also originate from this very tree:

- DE_KBSB_B60_FR312-313C

- DE_KBSB_B59_FR312-313C

- DE_SKK_0109_FR255.

- DE_SMG_SG17_FR312-313D

- DE_KSW_G6_FR311A (planks I and III)

- DE_smbGG_589_FR184 (planks I-III),

- US_IMA_2000-344_FR218 (planks II und III)

- FIN_FNG_S-1994-224_FR-none

- AT_KHM_GG883_FR152

- Martin Luther, Private collection (planks I-III)

- Venus, PL, 1180

- Margrave Georg the Pious, PHI, 139 (planks II)

- A Faun and his Family, DON, 97

- Magdalena of Saxony, Chicago, 1938.310 (planks III)

- Martin Luther, OL, 52 (planks I und III)

- Martin Luther, Darmstadt, Hessisches Landesmuseum, GK 73

  • written by Christine Unsinn

17.02.1997Scientific analysis

  • Identification of wood species / Dendrochronology

Support

Identification of wood species: beech wood

Youngest annual ring: 1523

[Klein Report, 17.02.1997]

  • analysed by Peter Klein

02.10.1989Scientific analysis

  • Identification of wood species / Dendrochronology
  • analysis

Support

The top plank has 94 annual rings, the middle one has 75 aund the lower one has 159 and they can be dated as follows:

Plank I (top) : 1522 -1429

Plank II (middle) : 1523-1449

Plank III (bottom): 1522-1364'

  • written by Peter Klein

09. 1982Technical examination / Scientific analysis

  • Infrared photography
  • irr
  • photographed by Fotowerkstatt, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin

Support made from the same tree

Citing from the Cranach Digital Archive

Entry with author
<author's name>, 'Apollo and Diana', <title of document, data entry or image>. [<Date of document or image>], in: Cranach Digital Archive, https://lucascranach.org/en/DE_smbGG_564/ (Accessed {{dateAccessed}})
Entry with no author
'Apollo and Diana', <title of document, data entry or image>. [<Date of document, entry or image>], in: Cranach Digital Archive, https://lucascranach.org/en/DE_smbGG_564/ (Accessed {{dateAccessed}})

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